It looks like Russian Mosin-Nagant M44. Caliber 7.62X54 (also called 7.62R - R meaning Russian). Ammo is abundant in the States. Judging by the pics (not clear markings), it is Russian, which had much nicer finish than the same weapon produced by Chinese (Type 53), which was ROUGH.
Very handy short rifle (carbine), shooting VERY powerful round. Hope this helps. Search the web for Mosin-Nagant, and you will get plethora of pictures, and information.
If interested in these milsurp weapons, the best thing is to join one of the MANY milsurp forums on the web. BTW,.....when you posted the pic of your gun cabinet, I recognized this one right away, and Thommy of course (not to mention Yugo M48)!
BTW: I don't know when you graduated from law school (I graduated in 1978), but it seems you paid too much. Back in the 80s you could buy one of these for less than 100. Last year I saw a crate full of full size M91s in Las Vegas gun shop, for 140 each (and they were MINT).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant