In most, if not all cases, the holes in the rear of a buttstock are for holding the stock in the pantograph, or stock carving machine, during the manufacture of the stock. Rods are inserted into the drilled holes to clamp and hold the work from the inside while the outside is cut and carved to shape. (Think BIG chopsticks).That is why there are two, usually, but not always, so there is leverage to rotate the stock while it is being cut. It has nothing to do with balance. It's just an artifact of the manufacturing process. It is common even today in wooden stocks.
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