Josh,
It is obvious that your interest in firearms is a relatively recent thing... may I suggest that you visit your public library and check out several books on modern firearms and their history... I am sure you will find your library a wealth of information on your newfound interest. Your next stop should be the National Rifle Association website
http://www.NRA.org and you should join and subscribe to their magazines... you will find endless hours of enjoyment.
In answer to your question, as George has so aptly pointed out, the Ruger .22 Automatic Pistol has been around since the late 1940's or early 1950's.
I have also owned one myself for decades. Mine sports the 6 inch barrel. A fine example of American craftsmanship and ingenuity. While the grip shape and angle are very similar to the Luger pistol, and may have been inspired by the Luger design, that is the only similarity.