Gortz & Sturgess address test firing for accuracy in chapters 6 & 8 in the red books.
Prior to 1918 at DWM, 8 rounds were fired hand-held from a rest at 50 meters. At least four shots had register within a target 15cm high by 10cm wide to pass. Then another 8 rounds were rapid fired into a backstop for function testing. All by hand. Special ammunition assembled for accuracy and reliability and made by DWM was used. After firing the military approval stamp was applied and the guns were then cleaned and shipped. G&S don't say but I suspect that Erfurt followed similar procedures.
After 1918 there is no documentation describing the procedure but it's likely that DWM continued as before. When Mauser took over production, they fired 8 rounds for accuracy at 50 meters. The pistols were handheld over sand bags and Lugers were shot using a shoulder stock. It required 5 of the 8 rounds to be in or touching a 17cm circle. Failing pistols were repaired - in most cases a simple front sight adjustment - and tested again. An additional 8 shots were fired for function.
There's additional information in G&S for anyone who has the red books.
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