I thought about international treaty constraints. But...
Versailles constraints theory is hard to explain those German WWI surplus Bergmann MP-18 submachine guns falling into Chinese warlords hands. Those were 9mm, Chinese called them "Floral Barrel Machine Gun", or "Hand-hold Machine Gun", and also made a bunch of copies of those in 1920s and early 30s. There are also some 9mm Lugers imported, not many, but I have seen more 9mm Lugers than 9mm C96 in Chinese context.
So, there were some 9mm weapons. However, when coming to C96, it's rare to see 9mm. A few Bergmann copies that I saw in museums were 7.63mm, not faithfully following the original German sample's caliber.
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