You are correct that the extractor is the loaded chamber indicator. The way that the Luger function on loading, like the P-38 and others, it feeds the loaded cartridge into the chamber and then the extractor claw will snap over the cartridge rim and into the extractor groove. The extractor spring is a stout little fella, but you should be able to elevate it manually with the breach block/toggle train locked to the rear, or out in your hand.
Are you trying to slowly allow the toggle train to close on a dummy/loaded round in the chamber?? That will not get the job done with a Luger. You need to lock the toggle train to the rear, inset a dummy round/empty sized 9mm brass into the chamber and then release the toggle train and let it slingshot forward and allow the extractor claw onto the case rim. If you have tried it this way with failure, then the next step is to remove the extractor and spring and check things out. If your Luger has and aftermarket extractor that was not fitted correctly to the extractor groove, then that may well be your problem. The extractor must move freely in the groove.
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