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Drake · 10-20-2012, 01:38 AM

9mm Bergmann (9mm Bergmann No.6) was actually developed before the 9mm Parabellum but wasn't terribly successful. It begat the 9mm Largo and 9mm Bergmann-Bayard, however. Here's another photo I put together and the accompanying text from a different forum (took too long to type all this the first time!). I should note this isn't all-inclusive, just what I've got on hand.

9mm Self-Loading Cartridges, 1901-1951

9x18mm Makarov was a Soviet handgun cartridge introduced in 1951, presumably developed from the short-lived German 9x18mm Ultra experimental cartridge.
.380 Automatic was developed by John Moses Browning and introduced in 1908 with the Colt Model 1908 pistol. This cartridge has had several names in the US market including Automatic Colt Pistol (.380 ACP), Colt Automatic Pistol Hammerless (.380 CAPH), and Automatic Colt (.380 AC).
9x17mm Browning Short is a commonly used name for the .380 ACP outside of the US - predominantly in Europe. Other names include 9mm Corto and 9mm Kurz.
9x17mm Nickl is a variation of the 9mm Browning Short with similar ballistics. The primary difference is the rebated rim. It was developed by Mauser engineer Josef Nickl - designer of the Model 1910 and 1914. He developed this cartridge in 1916 for his new design which was eventually produced by CZ as the vz.22 pistol. The cartridge was short-lived and later versions of the CZ pistols were chambered in 9mm Browning Short. The 9mm Nickl can be used in 9mm Browning guns, but not vice versa.
9x17mm Beretta M34 is a variation of the 9mm Browning Short developed in Italy for the Beretta Model 1934 pistol. Still digging for confirmed ballistics on this one but it appears to use a heavier bullet than other 9x17mm loads I have.
9x18mm Ultra was originally developed in the late 1930's for a Walther PP variant for Luftwaffe issue. Development ceased at the onset of the second World War and were not resumed by the military. In the 1970's the cartridge was resurrected in an unsuccessful attempt to appeal to police agencies with the Walther PP Super and Mauser HSc Super pistols. The pistol in this caliber ceased production by the end of the 1970's.
9x20mm Browning Long began as a military cartridge in 1903 for a few European countries - notably used by Belgium and Sweden in the FN M1903 and Husqvarna m/1907 pistols. It fell out of use by the end of the first World War.
9x19mm Parabellum was developed by Georg Luger for DWM in 1902. The cartridge was developed by shortening the 7.65x21mm Parabellum case and necking it to 9mm diameter. It was originally developed with a 124gr truncated cone bullet and adopted by the German Navy in 1904. It was adopted by the German Army in 1908.
9x19mm Parabellum post-1915 - The standard bullet shape changed to a round ogive around 1915 with no concrete reason that can find. Both remained in concurrent production for a few years in Germany and the truncated cone bullet was made in the US well into the 1930's.
9x19mm Glisenti was an Italian variant of the 9x19mm Parabellum for the Model 1910 Glisenti pistol. The main difference is the lighter powder charge used in the Italian cartridge. The pistol and cartridge remained in limited service well into the second World War.
9x19mm Beretta 9M38 was the next 9x19mm service cartridge adopted by Italy. It was introduced with the Beretta Model 1938 (Moschetto Automatico Beretta Modello 1938) submachine gun. Essentially the 9mm Parabellum with a 116gr steel jacketed bullet. Most are marked '9M38' to prevent confusion and use in the Glisenti pistols.
.38 ACP was developed at the end of the 19th century and first offered for sale in the Colt Model 1900 pistol. Despite being one of the highest-velocity pistol cartridges available, it did not enjoy much commercial success until the 1930's when police found the .38 Special service revolvers lacking in ability to pierce automobile bodies. This led to the development of the .38/44 and subsequent .357 Magnum cartridges. The velocity of factory ammunition varied greatly over the years from 1200 down to 1040 fps.
.38 Super Automatic has a fuzzy history. A new pistol by Colt, the 'Super .38' was introduced around 1930 chambered for .38 ACP. By the late 1950's catalogs began to advertise a '.38 Super' cartridge. Since 1974 the '.38 Super +P' cartridge indicates a 36.5k PSI max pressure and '.38 ACP' indicates a 26.5k PSI max pressure. Some .38 Super loads are similar to the early experimental .38 ACP loads - around 1300 fps. The average today seems to be around 1200 fps.
9.8mm ACP was developed around 1912 in an attempt to find a market for Colt pistols in Europe. Romania showed interest in the pistol and cartridge but eventually adopted the Austrian Steyr-Hahn pistol instead. This cartridge ceased production rather soon after.
9x23mm Steyr was developed for the Steyr-Hahn Model 1911 and 1912 pistols and was adopted by the Austrian military in 1912. It appears to have no common lineage with other 23mm cases and was a domestic development. Ballistics are very similar to the 9mm Parabellum.
9x23mm Bergmann No.6 was developed in Germany in 1901 by Theodor Bergmann for the Bergmann-Mars pistol and was tested by the Spain military. This cartridge is more notable for its successors.
9x23mm Bergmann-Bayard was a slight modification of the original German 9mm Bergmann developed in 1903. Similar dimensions and ballistics, just a change to the bullet seating depth and thus overall length. It was adopted by Denmark for the Bergmann-Bayard M1910 pistols.
9x23mm Largo was the Spanish name of the 9mm Bergmann cartridge adopted in 1905 for a number of service pistols. It remained in production until the late 1980's. Early runs of the ammunition were called '9mm Campo-Giro' for the service pistol adopted in 1912. Similar external dimensions to .38 ACP and some 9mm Largo firearms are chambered for both. These are often marked 9mm/.38 on the chamber.
9x25mm Mauser Export was a 7.63x25mm case necked out to 9mm by Mauser to develop a quite powerful pistol cartridge in 1908. It was chambered in C.96 and C.06/08 pistols. Not commercially successful partly due to the limited market. Most were sold to Africa and South America. It was used in a few submachine guns such as the Steyr-Solothurn MP-34 and the Danuvia 39.M and 43.M.

10-20-2012, 01:38 AM	#24
Drake User Join Date: Apr 2008 Posts: 5 Thanks: 0 Thanked 7 Times in 2 Posts	9mm Bergmann (9mm Bergmann No.6) was actually developed before the 9mm Parabellum but wasn't terribly successful. It begat the 9mm Largo and 9mm Bergmann-Bayard, however. Here's another photo I put together and the accompanying text from a different forum (took too long to type all this the first time!). I should note this isn't all-inclusive, just what I've got on hand. 9mm Self-Loading Cartridges, 1901-1951 9x18mm Makarov was a Soviet handgun cartridge introduced in 1951, presumably developed from the short-lived German 9x18mm Ultra experimental cartridge. .380 Automatic was developed by John Moses Browning and introduced in 1908 with the Colt Model 1908 pistol. This cartridge has had several names in the US market including Automatic Colt Pistol (.380 ACP), Colt Automatic Pistol Hammerless (.380 CAPH), and Automatic Colt (.380 AC). 9x17mm Browning Short is a commonly used name for the .380 ACP outside of the US - predominantly in Europe. Other names include 9mm Corto and 9mm Kurz. 9x17mm Nickl is a variation of the 9mm Browning Short with similar ballistics. The primary difference is the rebated rim. It was developed by Mauser engineer Josef Nickl - designer of the Model 1910 and 1914. He developed this cartridge in 1916 for his new design which was eventually produced by CZ as the vz.22 pistol. The cartridge was short-lived and later versions of the CZ pistols were chambered in 9mm Browning Short. The 9mm Nickl can be used in 9mm Browning guns, but not vice versa. 9x17mm Beretta M34 is a variation of the 9mm Browning Short developed in Italy for the Beretta Model 1934 pistol. Still digging for confirmed ballistics on this one but it appears to use a heavier bullet than other 9x17mm loads I have. 9x18mm Ultra was originally developed in the late 1930's for a Walther PP variant for Luftwaffe issue. Development ceased at the onset of the second World War and were not resumed by the military. In the 1970's the cartridge was resurrected in an unsuccessful attempt to appeal to police agencies with the Walther PP Super and Mauser HSc Super pistols. The pistol in this caliber ceased production by the end of the 1970's. 9x20mm Browning Long began as a military cartridge in 1903 for a few European countries - notably used by Belgium and Sweden in the FN M1903 and Husqvarna m/1907 pistols. It fell out of use by the end of the first World War. 9x19mm Parabellum was developed by Georg Luger for DWM in 1902. The cartridge was developed by shortening the 7.65x21mm Parabellum case and necking it to 9mm diameter. It was originally developed with a 124gr truncated cone bullet and adopted by the German Navy in 1904. It was adopted by the German Army in 1908. 9x19mm Parabellum post-1915 - The standard bullet shape changed to a round ogive around 1915 with no concrete reason that can find. Both remained in concurrent production for a few years in Germany and the truncated cone bullet was made in the US well into the 1930's. 9x19mm Glisenti was an Italian variant of the 9x19mm Parabellum for the Model 1910 Glisenti pistol. The main difference is the lighter powder charge used in the Italian cartridge. The pistol and cartridge remained in limited service well into the second World War. 9x19mm Beretta 9M38 was the next 9x19mm service cartridge adopted by Italy. It was introduced with the Beretta Model 1938 (Moschetto Automatico Beretta Modello 1938) submachine gun. Essentially the 9mm Parabellum with a 116gr steel jacketed bullet. Most are marked '9M38' to prevent confusion and use in the Glisenti pistols. .38 ACP was developed at the end of the 19th century and first offered for sale in the Colt Model 1900 pistol. Despite being one of the highest-velocity pistol cartridges available, it did not enjoy much commercial success until the 1930's when police found the .38 Special service revolvers lacking in ability to pierce automobile bodies. This led to the development of the .38/44 and subsequent .357 Magnum cartridges. The velocity of factory ammunition varied greatly over the years from 1200 down to 1040 fps. .38 Super Automatic has a fuzzy history. A new pistol by Colt, the 'Super .38' was introduced around 1930 chambered for .38 ACP. By the late 1950's catalogs began to advertise a '.38 Super' cartridge. Since 1974 the '.38 Super +P' cartridge indicates a 36.5k PSI max pressure and '.38 ACP' indicates a 26.5k PSI max pressure. Some .38 Super loads are similar to the early experimental .38 ACP loads - around 1300 fps. The average today seems to be around 1200 fps. 9.8mm ACP was developed around 1912 in an attempt to find a market for Colt pistols in Europe. Romania showed interest in the pistol and cartridge but eventually adopted the Austrian Steyr-Hahn pistol instead. This cartridge ceased production rather soon after. 9x23mm Steyr was developed for the Steyr-Hahn Model 1911 and 1912 pistols and was adopted by the Austrian military in 1912. It appears to have no common lineage with other 23mm cases and was a domestic development. Ballistics are very similar to the 9mm Parabellum. 9x23mm Bergmann No.6 was developed in Germany in 1901 by Theodor Bergmann for the Bergmann-Mars pistol and was tested by the Spain military. This cartridge is more notable for its successors. 9x23mm Bergmann-Bayard was a slight modification of the original German 9mm Bergmann developed in 1903. Similar dimensions and ballistics, just a change to the bullet seating depth and thus overall length. It was adopted by Denmark for the Bergmann-Bayard M1910 pistols. 9x23mm Largo was the Spanish name of the 9mm Bergmann cartridge adopted in 1905 for a number of service pistols. It remained in production until the late 1980's. Early runs of the ammunition were called '9mm Campo-Giro' for the service pistol adopted in 1912. Similar external dimensions to .38 ACP and some 9mm Largo firearms are chambered for both. These are often marked 9mm/.38 on the chamber. 9x25mm Mauser Export was a 7.63x25mm case necked out to 9mm by Mauser to develop a quite powerful pistol cartridge in 1908. It was chambered in C.96 and C.06/08 pistols. Not commercially successful partly due to the limited market. Most were sold to Africa and South America. It was used in a few submachine guns such as the Steyr-Solothurn MP-34 and the Danuvia 39.M and 43.M.