By the proof marks. For WWI era Lugers, a commercial will have a crown over upper case letters B, U and G, or after 1911 a crown over an upper case N. Up until 1910, military Lugers were not dated but will have the proof/acceptance marking on the right side of the receiver (except for the first issue army) that consists of a crown over Fraktur (German gothic) letters. There are other clues such as serial number placement, but that has some exceptions as well, so the proof marks are a good start.
(I type too slow. FNorm got it right away!)
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If it's made after 1918...it's a reproduction
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