It's a box, that much I know..
 

Bought it just as box to keep loose 9mm rounds in.

But I'm currious to learn it's previous purpose..

Marked "Kart.Vorl. L.F.H.16/18"
http://forum.lugerforum.com/lfupload/img_4484_2.jpg

"1940" and some other markings under the lid and in the box. It came full of th ese small doses of gun powder.
http://forum.lugerforum.com/lfupload/img_44893_2.jpg

Box for Artillery fuses?
Jerry Burney

Makes sense Jerry.. perhaps the gun powder doses where used as a 'booster charge' for some kind of artillery.
Thanks